Loading...

Thomas Young

The Double Slit Experiment
Abstract
The double-slit experiment indicates that particles can display both wave-like and particle-like characteristics, and that measurement or observation significantly influences the behavior of quantum systems. It is a foundational experiment that questions our classical intuitions and underscores the apparent peculiar nature of quantum mechanics. However, a straightforward experiment that anyone can perform suggests that this might not always hold true.
Introduction
Thomas Young (1773-1829) was a British polymath who made significant contributions to various fields, including physics, physiology, and Egyptology. He is best known for his work on the wave theory of light, which he demonstrated through the famous double-slit experiment.This experiment played a crucial role in establishing the wave nature of light, challenging Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory
Thomas Young
1773-1829

The double-slit experiment is a famous demonstration of the wave nature of light, first performed by Thomas Young in 1801. Here's how it works: A coherent light source, such as a laser, is directed at a barrier with two closely spaced slits. Behind the barrier, there's a screen to capture the light passing through the slits. If the light is directed at the screen without the slits, you would see a bright spot where the light hits. If the light passes through only one slit, you'd see a single band of light on the screen directly in line with the slit. When the light passes through both slits, something interesting happens. Instead of two bright spots, you see a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands called interference fringes. This pattern is created because light waves from the two slits interfere with each other.

Since then, it has been suggested that conducting the same experiment with electrons yields similar results, indicating that electrons behave like electromagnetic waves of light. However, this proposal presents a couple of issues. Notably, there appears to be no clear description of how this experiment is conducted. What is often overlooked is the necessity of performing the experiment in a vacuum, and there is no evidence or record of the double-slit experiment ever being carried out under such conditions. The only experiment of this nature performed in a vacuum was the Stern Gerlach experiment which itself was not a double slit experiment.

The standard way this experiment is conducted typically involves two slits. However, an interesting question arises: what happens if the two slits are removed, leaving only the thin central obstruction? The outcome can be observed by performing a simple experiment using a laser pointer, a thin filament, and a white wall, as demonstrated below.

The resulting diffraction pattern seen on the wall is the same the diffraction pattern as seen in the double slit experiment itself. The only difference is that there are no slits!
Conclusion
The common assertion is that when the double slit experiment is conducted with electrons, a single electron passes through both slits and interferes with itself. However, Huygens' principle of wavelets offers an alternative explanation by calculating the momentum of the electron or photon before and after it passes through the two slits. This calculation is closely linked to the phenomena observed in the double-slit experiment and to Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.